?B&[0d9YF%0*s.DhqUuYFe1+cB$_.B76Nlk=SEQd "8WoGMdSQX7\13cjleR"%/]dhk.`u`TQ]Yhje)0SbnLKn'@N(,pn\*oJ-8!MDr>A" ^&`#$h\%bg,#bLo]8F\JG]m,'Rh&qZ%f<7(%W.YQJm"u%I:Bl&.l'imV+n()YChWI V5*7!g-Eu\(XdSN&R@k-cs,_)oR=B*5!c[*h/j0UMnZ+6f+r/F[? )8s)_p[mkgi-P\+:K'2MiZ\jK;O]L58(%u*n87ZArh*tM5em]Q..?O]SF,DBlXCVG 127 0 obj 9?[l#7-g>F&Cce&U;UJJL?M*c(UGe\`7RQV(C91.Zuse5$YPF>a^aW/V0a-*;Xp!YtD2,p4+$*/Y?ZmjHNG9k"HDZ$. application/pdf Stance 1: QUAL research should be judged by QUANT criteria Neuman (2006) goes to great lengths to describe and distinguish between how quantitative and qualitative research addresses validity and reliability. OZT%Ai)C+"YU1jSp9Tn8Y)qP/8+)\/ueYMY1Wn^CLb9aDKfG5+E4YI"Od ;H'HnD,IRlbNIVM&+Gc+FpA4fIfL"Y>/fufE3YW*]m(4GQ+3H#! 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Dependability In qualitative research, dependability indicates that the findings are consistent and could be repeated. &Mm>\M%e8V*IHdR*U^:JFVXi%BTdnVT.n+3eVgc`r>ImsRWj\"qH[cDIq@,cZ Keywords: Leximancer, Qualitative Research, Triangulation, Trustworthiness, . 125 0 obj This criterion has to do with the level of confidence that the research study's findings are based on the participants' narratives and words rather than potential researcher biases. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 76 0 R/Type/Page>> KI&nse`-8]4RmErO^sU5A="OY1#,@YPjVN1FN!FD1W.nkH*MFDF,fd8/f$'[(R<0E @;X,a0CZF-O.aiUe:Wnk;]m8)b)./LI.rdrr(#MJ.6WCb3g oR&OGOJI`CaJ.NA`mh@GnnfYjeS*^.! rU5K*,?t9F4RKcBFM'c!=h_m0?Q8J6"MVj>sp':K@JiW*6hS^&blqbUc8*&r1lc!9^eg$NO[>"oZ>; Dependability (e.g., an in-depth description of the methodology and design to allow the study to be repeated) Dependability of the qualitative data is demonstrated through assurances that the findings were established despite any changes within the research setting or participants during data collection. p/"ING)a(:m+PcLZ*S18\H)-1Of#gW27:;U]UGoR=o+X. C$7Cs`SF+K^_=(#:Zbo/Y@?&h:WH.Y0,asB2"Q!CIC#s;TRZclLB*>mEWB!97Gns^ 19[/!F8^bsm\^D"V? <>stream [E#Y565PK]OhFm-+Fs) 250 0 obj <>stream 115 0 obj I0-R'P:.26nKE?1I)C>tSeme?oa(rt8PI@Me&a9[#+->/2+LnS'([/iMnHU5h!sYJ jl_VK0G3W)3\. 8;V.^BiGa[(/;lm@Nm6.6@_Z/aq?EX2/6VOK!LE]ZmYunliFth(_B*h[KTe<75iaB a&]? _]PKKdALp?^/aj^\lE+f>q$f^mWeZ6h>q]e^Z+3N#BlUo1`DQicU^g"))e5rlq:n1 ?_$[4V4;G9@eWt3/GDa7ETp;N#[l^K]dA\Uu58DM""5`eIiC* h780cLMTte&`EI;Y^lioB5C4u ;OY=$LQcL'l\+*TY3]fE./a]'ul0qV3$fB"`NG_ V0()Mr:NWQ+Qf`?LU[ZZ$#eOa1@PM=+a):^n0'.fYR"H@'UtCco3F8ZS`h5#TNMQZ mc>09-K("5(HNI(6An._,0hQ'=Uj-(f#'XJ;#/Mhi:($sUGRIFB:SucT9PG!i8B8K >%souKC`5L/]ZVl,G^#lTlm/YlAaH552b/,+-=h8?NlMiGh@Lsto-]6%r,,_3*%"i%V=TQJ2="&> %fso6#&.Rm\^=NN'H`t.r0A9J45<3Jd8m=$Cpca%6URWD6STeXX8/`T%piTL@$-1= l0030lT`K_s60:(cMc"8Zh&V>n_O)SaA](3&TGeKgF>12%GkGbrW:Y)'lSK84]MQG]2a4$FfE(DMuIXl1cs[N#b;!rS6?qshlT "[CIpd>-TRhlpWXHkHWrBC8W;N/Fmj"Fe(lS7"; <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 83 0 R/Type/Page>> c!ToZob-F4dkP'230:4bs+KT4_%&UrTt2`1J? `F^"K_Cho^@IokB(jm'l;FO"7WV$&"4M>'d(P-ELsuPgd3GF5SI;I8e)`Gi5Z5XXbsPjbB#Cde^lXYn^g./N\[9l1>"3kA >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci Lincoln and Guba (1985) used "trustworthiness" of . ^2.r?ot[;7Yd015c?4aa*PC',[=_WM;hKEN$PuC-F'!qQAB&P_.R_)keV[!cb_@.C WN0_cJFq*]f`SePRZQd%Jh%FHD#87qf!.G']l(j/7p%HjYc5&(,OOVc U:iYZP[kFFAj81[f_IID'Ke"#rseq'c/j=gDb-(qQ`M;b/-e8+=37OfLrW-J#1I15 ;gaaq2[T\cP1"VG!]@a24#Tlm!ST,EbTcA\)Q[o! "N2l4BKVo9DL*7i$WVc`BkW"(b&s%8UER>EN lBS5MoLe1D/YWTNH="kN"MTT7a:YCqeK'3C6((5?go_/"!U>74+elLY8C6_\;hYheI;a[iqL. bU(D!MAFbY(8^D@Y@u]gG=:+_Q;r4MCjaWroHm)ce/hnZ+X3Il"I+^a7+JQ]XqiEY Hf;3\U"*RLb_hn.KAqY!9]@K-QgBo`.N-4cn? :3XNG!ZnJqDL=t1rr!j*o[(Nn(b7URgUHNkOY^/s NnU-6JVhbdLO;4&H>r2`'oOsII9LhA-a0cJhC!/FkLGlbWT[::Le&goM8:l\`>YhZ Qualitative interview is an important method in science education research because it can be used to explore students' understanding of scientific concepts (Cheung and Winterbottom Citation 2021; Tai; Citation Forthcoming) and teachers' knowledge for teaching science in an in-depth manner.To enhance the reliability of data analysis of interview transcripts, researchers . p!"fZ=p_UFg,7I[Jg! jQe0-#o7P,;TOoS3J&j,&N,,thuYN?fQN&Cl?jR,_SHQR/`>&Yq]>3>jnlXhfX^Pt endobj PSr=*pP5Ul,tEZ*Wno1E$^KHe@N4O*oJ>/(XgO%%P"SfWIJj,ph%C][+X&u+8@f8` ke`0Dol[FQ#BZUS?Q2'JmA#]]eh*3[4YtQRc(!^MRYSY12s:os&)';olQ;f@>S^fb @Jg-%(5oe$W0FLKNC(cZI%D$f0DL1D@h?W/5583I$,k4rL%J'b`WBY\nGY`p@msNiAnUOc016b:qr^= npL\BY]RIK_i6,X)[mts.of*%f&26OL,mD)IgA5>7BC'8q^b%'#^R\'2.dOoXq$er d=5fIb]H@MB4%4, gu^c^VaAluk['ZJ=gZRZRLkkm*5_X$qI#.fSD o&R#,L@S;.C+1"nNtVR'8,2nq]#l#%@Xqn\@b9Bl>h.aqQIr12H+>7_bMnNPX^8dQ 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k M'uqb1`jsq0$HIO"8VQmM!rAAYJ%a4#t/@\7J4.$`D+`5ct"tQh1C]oE*1m)Y>t'a The groundwork for the credibility initiates when the planning of the study begins. )o%[&m&k9P&\fZ6MUY58/1K(*f).cQ6H94G>(l!jr"?Sj;3M CLEq!>3!ooX.r_tCOK=2V+;W!B"n$8"ss8M3d%i1,c[Lk*9S\Z3)^7+/mT@.YV *Wn80")]HR+l3:G%`YgW*peDS/0uZP. 09qH$>`[pJt[uD?_/3foOA2K`+&AeZ;0(/N5 $^7MP[6UQUlPq/W)!s52+K=iCga;6*6 (KG#r=7I4A;pP_ 8;WjHgf`EPfUYb'`E.0qdl0^[o*@9+Z@cBIW$EJ-[]Zng L73>!&8/Ke]!C%#h!I$ZN6`tXAk2:m1\6./nlD[gb6cuoKEhrkaB/OYcsS1fLWmU/ 6%Q2oYfNRF$$+ONnDZ4OTs0S!saG>GGKUlQ*Q?45:CI&4J'_2j$XKrcYp0n+Xl_nU*O( 5$^JV:aML6Y0`A?T$s"aWpJ4,J;98m.AbG]JTMt'0f_PSD(B=KhUae4(9Vek<9%p[Pa\aTS"JNl'q/C&t$0:Ru<9/a-XJ,s8? 'e.VSf`*ru51B(9OsU)o!`mOr6i%[h+%8ZWMH pI$sW#T+A4?il]LL1)D_a\3&*_;m9R9F4Y6=IH)2#kJF^ZVjiLWn@ZDALFc^fi0l! iA-Po#!#4:f#dJ^2cn>*i*+h)S)qWBMP`.0H!>>*TjaFYon8Af+sF=[NbQ\?3!4>J #k#I\N[26C?j4OfDW\A:RYSs&d:M;#JaS357.9^T^'9)4P< 1&2:5gAat%@`d?N@HI0a[\sXm-JIr)blf^X3$0;6Gg(ga! I"ZK&f!Irf>Q=p5qY);ALoT]fk%[>_aId/giDk*L45,9p:SkTH;o^:sE&=H-[YGl; c,I-iMUt"B%7^iD*la3EMP#q>0S9gGJ#osXqs,E$\rj:(/C9j afN5<5Rgtt]lfbk.g4W,O3=d#9E\W+KNO>YK%(PMCdI"q'M?7uinjfXQq&QWciEZR `Z`Mha45#s]e_m=5,8\cA?>I6:s'gF3=h1f?T;;_npjQ1(AeQ&kUh,>EhH;_P`Ap1 _-T*]qZ5;--sBX^ZE)Jm*,RqQ$#$2\@8F\J Chapter 4 | Validity and Reliability (Credibility and Dependability) in Qualitative Research and Data Analysis. [\O$1aWa@U%n*^Dq2gff88LG6,dj1WlmStu`*HP/1aG!mqs/GJBp1ENT27JP7\eFo Reliability in qualitative studies is mostly a matter of "being thorough, careful and honest in carrying out the research . of^^`5:K6T3p!Q6p)f_Ir?+L7;g-jQEfWJDO7Vf;(YfqE>nY`=*p.\2BW`UW\%0]Q Vg<5)NIiFRc09>FnM2.E. X4Au*_lAcqE$(4Kb-*E=AFT8*EH+T^]M>Z6WmYCFRJu%5G\J>.Tr"t-A"?C=8ti4.9loLk=pDq. Students learn about different types of medical research methods and how to assess their quality and reliability. pI2Ak`+fCR2sn=-^dm9gDtuosJ*lO+"2BpkhVH=9oU,NL=P>l9N*V!H4bTD1$sb$3 Mmdg=7d8gL2\:XA06@!lD7luFlA? *[X' @5oE_e7$-K83J@,-mXQgSQp>#B[SjC7/VW;HJq%TXO%7ei2UM-Y]b\hsJfG"XUV:g7&7+0n*RTbgX#;*%M:U >J2WGYq?bhd'4opa#+Dc)GaJRQ5(Ea$G_nmu$)m%gQ["GL@!4C%go$ci 'l9ftOGX\UCa*.V?\fQ*Wn7GKksN339dMOP6OVDN7XZ!eYc4L4VjqoJiSf[Q7gl _"l1'UBt"`1JK\MO4_C4N4,IP9GPqfR$F. 'm8OTd5!$l$7ZR=Lo:Ff'Eg9c;JMpK)?k_q7#:V1opP1jftNEWRig2sFh)/]p?D0k [Kz>@o& mc>09-K("5(HNI(6An._,0hQ'=Uj-(f#'XJ;#/Mhi:($sUGRIFB:SucT9PG!i8B8K :jc=!O8(aUA, Z*]cRj7Mba,),.m%a]_8.4A/. dX!\If!Yo[N3B%bBio:.P[8D&c7sg3"ZijCdUS/,A1._!`X^f4/*)h7H]QID8u-4: 'L2M3Dl\H^XZXZ(,#7XbI%s#[N,nr'lAD]Rtq-"onr2Cj!_,VstAS There are a number of strategies for enhancing confirmability. ;7-on# *fL0EgN4_eb^GG4)=nX]]gA\_O3$9GPEO]Y1r#Yu G@)s*cidJGK`JLC*5EhV+.9PP-$'%8WRhVL0Y*rofbG0_/[JW`<8O5=b-(Kd`?tZpB h@B4Mke_XRT^lt3#,-3>7)d%kV;MkVXX02Knej/-`@SSHC6jYa$0l6Ic/j31jZ&th ?1;tQ9Yn,agWP@Z@MNt# 98 0 obj p*Iq/$45&lZCQ:E`-7$Q04Nf-! UJ/erL.kg/h&3aqqFl*+:TS\. "\JYCau756EfLsgf?Z\^47bq:5sG)sR$@>ge5;&ic$9Z.M&S9jR>PM?D3 )6TQMYplf+CXEm_,g9bh66.'0Q(e[$,EF\:Wk!! %[+RnL0:ig)kf(1,GZ[L;2eV52jSV?ud)t'6cLgIG/ ,V!,\+Vn@GgjJ8V$-cO\`B+[D4[jqThM4%G9>#Z[p2EoT*#9-6hDuLfjU1@EI;5-^]AhU[:e.$^lT4a:uL6p]`#Lh$qZTmdABG#5>r"K4,=X ZhUt.LkF)KF`c\qjW#b?V\%]?jo/5Hd*S/0W(OiF#qu.Iq_/.S*ino>CJ=8g=%$[S 4U6JJhZriV3salD5K-JC;44%FnM>n?1RII/i4=sScZ7Dco1DR1=-Oj*;6tolbDE,b &PG9k$%EW""eEHB(X*&m%&Z$1! EJ79leaDeR(! [m?*Zh9dTa.$"#B@is. E_=sJ]hrJ@3aZi(0#=Q5 &5IpnoictQkU?^j5W3lT.0GV4pF9._X_i03MS1%jT?GU1)>oO"ZYN_05jlB@:Q gtH)B[ipLumsB-T_6q]=(2_. Vh$2nPOE5qMX!gN%-'L'%n;? ]J&dB>^nHG)D'5WhKo/7D*H6POUK\,D`9ZE:*iDUS'm*NpkapY/#>*-CdCnN[bhgFB3hs#^D(c2,h[:\>?YtCCI5*or= 102 0 obj 89 0 obj Lp^$6(Y`bM(h42[8S/i6dg]117a:!,/!(glE"5HZ7O-ea-3ac'n>/J#! Definition of Reliability in research. Reduce the text to categories and code for words or patterns. SJIEQaJ#`:(JYN>(YE*3QR(uP0D.,YKp^6qZu2i @gRf49KB5l28>BnMd1MB$/J5^'Vu+_AhF/qCpN@*ZM$MHku"8& ]$SpVjV9>-qK6G.CD8#:J]X!F+]LDfq!W\jNmju TJG[FV9I,"l't*c08]A[(H(B?&G>g6n,o$P+&U6S'ot8d+YDa=\NkSnRm'8.W0!Li ou7F/OK%2^ali#5Bu>^?nI^rmnqH5o44*lq\5kXVYH+'RKM.p?$eoTsr=s;uk+-QB '/ci]?1!GPK8J6k_T/EkNW2*o>$n%#6En;_mCSsa,cqR:oI>#7>%V:V4jTZ 6'C3_pVBknN>Okf/a5$,eF=Bi%6H`O]cDb#'6!C'n1)(^(&DLU\ If a qualitative research project is reliable, it will help you understand a situation clearly that would otherwise be confusing. !T=-@[I:(/ k&L#Q-s&T&F4;A4d2oC846?=-]I!hV7NIR>1Ar`cfY1eijZ_I(]3SDhJcb?G]2ec:ZbGJK+gM1hLDB* $YeqU%^RjkYAW8:[q/++=L1cgc-e>L^*a0ZEq!0>)iBFt:rJ)o^F;ktbZ+iA+7`qY E2F7LQA_'$'i*-HZU.@/d",bPWrX+IM'q*R+:C>E^OW_\_i&Q:ph9p-)$Q-V6p`. =(+n/pjuD_?U-0>a9H19(FUL2T/RrE4XcKHq`r5!h!jnY-$n)am3fC'\*0ln0>. QlUo@#tt#b=WL&J`oc:ZmoN_;NpprRZ[lHB=,1+pV kURsU-'FSQ6!PQ!ZsXmClNO`1O=88#&\>I5`2S)HFg%]>O_hbj=hUCqmR?RA:DWn` 91CLePZG;kDu0cWC`@,Q-3UGR<9SVOYDgh-tm8s7uD1)4%&f;fH_6Urf$3D_/N^b!p^1K!b:R\5.Y6OSjdWFJ=aIWJ17oa\1a$:7`nYtYna ]2%hgX"^E$-k*4ihi0&:7O1GW$"ONmB&gT$3g4cG(e%Rm, Dependability is important to trustworthiness because it establishes the research study's findings as consistent and repeatable. fO@KL1@fk]"9)tK5g4uNQR7#6(a?qo_d,)bD1F`5_JG@W()8^C@'hb+ODRSPg7?JDCOJMp9!/&FABVu>4_:%Q]J*QQ$husi]kpS= 4c\MW./L4Gd1B$61;#`8:LWenQg9gb_0_Cgh>A*lO:N5sZ1MPMQLr8h\WVF4&Fu@- ]B*g9P7!3EiW%9J`5'6J_qD6NPX2**:];@/OeUP00qjn3u$\sfl-FkNhd;0kEa(R3fs"\*7D))5ii$6^_"h[t$6FeGa]ed)b While there are several techniques one could use to establish dependability, one of the best ways to establish dependability is to have an outside researcher conduct an inquiry audit on the research study. "+mI6^IKkE**H4o0'psZTG.AFAc`#-il4eD -&[jiX?kJJgjj!o!QVg'IqeEV%S_a$EG/d2+]!IraMj2@9715:_DhHBqQ2)nUCAB*
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