what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution

[53] Approximately 6,000 whites went to Jamaica and other Caribbean islands, notably the Bahamas, and about 13,000 went to Britain (including 5,000 free blacks). Who opposed the American Revolution? Many of them served under the British during the American Revolution (1775-1783). What did the American soldiers call . All anti-Tory laws were repealed in early 1783 except for the law relating to confiscated Tory estates: " the problem of the loyalists after 1783 was resolved in their favor after the War of Independence ended." Before its demise, the church was considered one of the finest religious structures in North Carolina.St. Alluding to their great principle The Unity of the Empire. The Intolerable Acts were designed to punish the Massachusetts colonists for the Boston Tea Party. Historical Background: During the American Revolution, the American colonists had to decide to support the War for Independence or remain loyal to the British and King George III. Likewise in Pennsylvania, the departure of powerful familiesPenn, Allen, Chew, Shippendestroyed the cohesion of the old upper class there. In his article Decoding Connecticut Militia 1739-1783, Robertson finds that in May of 1774, the Connecticut state legislature created the 17th and 18th Regiments. [38] This created an awkward dilemma for the confiscation committees: confiscating the land of such a woman would punish her for her husband's actions. This Fourth of July marks the the 228th anniversary of the signing of the American Declaration of Independence. Americans were not only rebelling against the mother country, they were fighting each other. Others recalled the dreadful experiences of many. [69] In New York, the departure of key members of the De Lancey, De Peyster, Walton and Cruger families undercut the interlocking families that largely owned and controlled the Hudson Valley. The British honored the pledge of freedom in New York City through the efforts of General Guy Carleton, who recorded the names of African Americans who had supported the British in a document called the Book of Negroes, which granted freedom to slaves who had escaped and assisted the British. Yet, many Americans, even many scholars and intellectuals, believe that the the American Revolution was itself not a democratic movement. Many of the slaves in the South joined the Loyalists with intentions of gaining freedom and escaping the South. Loyalists who stayed in the US were generally able to retain their property and become American citizens. Patriots felt that the recent British laws enacted on American colonies were unfair and violated their rights. The second involved the issue of Independence and the the war to win it. Why did King George III issue the Proclamation of 1763? between 40 and 45 percent of the white population in the Thirteen Colonies supported the Patriots' cause, . Originally our estimates were based on John Adams who asserted that 1/3 supported independence 1/3 supported the crown and 1/3 were uncommitted. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Why Was the 1836 Battle of San Jacinto Important? A higher percentage of the population died in the American Revolution than in any other war fought by Americans. The Loyalists in the Revolutionary War were the American colonists who supported King George III of England and did not want independence. Unlike the Civil War, which pitted regions against each other, the war of independence pitted neighbor against neighbor. The British Government eventually settled several thousand claims for more than 3.5 million Pounds Sterling,[citation needed] an enormous sum of money worth at that time. of allegiance to the King. This map shows the plan of Boston in 1775, at the height of the Revolution. [49] Loyalists from South Carolina fought for the British in the Battle of Camden. It really boggles the imagination to suggest that Adams would have regarded a neutral third so highly with respect to the American Revolution. Estimates of the number of Loyalists range as high as 500,000, or 20 percent of the white population of the colonies. In 1787 the last of any discriminatory laws were rescinded. Several hundred who had left for Florida returned to Georgia in 178384. Most became involved in the conflict, directly or indirectly, though the . Patriots were active supporters of independence, and willing to fight for it. A close reading, however, of Adams' letter indicates just the opposite. Highland Scots in the Carolinas, a fair number of Anglican clergy and their parishioners in Connecticut and New York, a few Presbyterians in the southern colonies, and a large number of the Iroquois stayed loyal to the king. They simply had no interest in the matter or committing to either cause. Though not all colonists supported violent rebellion, historians estimate that as many as 45 percent of colonists supported the Patriots' cause. The remains of their regiment were then involved in the evacuation of Norfolk, after which they served in the Chesapeake area. What Happened to the Loyalists? Philips Church, Brunswick Town. Nonetheless, vigilante coercion, as much as legitimating rhetoric, won the day for the USA. Maryland lawyer Daniel Dulaney the Younger opposed taxation without representation but would not break his oath to the King or take up arms against him. Loyalists were colonists in the Thirteen Colonies who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War, often referred to as Tories, Royalists or King's Men at the time. The state government successfully and quickly reincorporated the vast majority. How did the Sons of Liberty protest British actions? What was Britain's reaction to the Boston Tea Party? He was arrested, tried and executed in Toronto, and later became heralded as a patriot to the movement which led to Canadian self governance. Captain Benjamin Hallowell, who as Mandamus Councilor in Massachusetts served as the direct representative of the Crown, was considered by the insurgents as one of the most hated men in the Colony, but as a token of compensation when he returned from England in 1796, his son was allowed to regain the family house. During the war, pardons were offered to Loyalists who switched sides and joined the Patriot forces. [32] As a result, more people who lived through the American Revolution knew someone who died or lost someone in the war, than in any war we have fought since. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. This professionally trained Continental Army would serve as the backbone of the American war effort with militia providing support when possible. Till then, I shall recommend a legal, orderly, and prudent resentment". At that date, 293,000 slaves lived in Virginia alone, making up 42 percent of all slaves in the U.S. at the time. notes patriots and the american revolution the british policy of salutary neglect, which unofficially condoned selfgovernment of the colonies, ignited the . Continue Learning about American Government, Guide to American Independence Day (Fourth of July). 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. When looking back at the outset of the American Revolution most assume that the colonies were united in their quest for independence. Starting in the mid1780s a small percentage of those who had left returned to the United States. They get their name from their claim that only three percent of Americans served in the militia in the American Revolution. Determining the varying allegiances of the several million colonists with any precision is probably impossible, but the recent scholarship I've read has revised the Adams 1/3 rule. Sivapragasam, Michael, "Why Did Black Londoners not join the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme 17831815?" What were the colonists who supported the American Revolution called? 35. Early Patriots alienated some by resorting to violence against tax collectors and pressuring others to declare a position in the conflict. According to historian Afua Cooper, Simcoe's law required children in slavery to be freed when they reached age 25 and: Thousands of Iroquois and other Native Americans were expelled from New York and other states and resettled in Canada. New England led the way with a higher percentage of these guns. Pros And Cons Of The American Revolution. Americans who embraced both beliefs and could not choose a side were called Neutrals. [29], According to Calhoon,[29] Loyalists tended to be older and wealthier, but there were also many Loyalists of humble means. There is no valid basis for either including or excluding Quebec and Nova Scotia in a statistical calculation. To what extent were the colonists influenced by European ideas and political developments during What are two ways that the Navigation Acts benefited England, and the colonies? The African-American soldiers made an. This forced the Patriots to also offer freedom to those who would serve in the Continental Army, with thousands of Black Patriots serving in the Continental Army. That doesnt include the U.S. Navy, state navies, Continental Marines (2,000 by one estimate) and the estimated 55,000 who served on American Privateers, which gets us from 15 percent to perhaps as high as 25 percent participation. Containing coverage before, during, and after the war, as well as the effect of the revolution on a global scale, this major reference to the period is ideal for any student, scholar, or general reader seeking a complete reference to the field. population was living below the poverty line in the 1920's. According to Jasanoff, the majority of these Loyalists 36,000 went to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, while about 6,600 went to Quebec and 2,000 to Prince Edward Island. What percentage of colonists were Patriots in 1776? Massachusetts passed an act banishing forty-six Boston merchants in 1778, including members of some of Boston's wealthiest families. . [36][37], While men were out fighting for the Crown, women served at home protecting their land and property. This chart shows this narrative to be incorrect. The Significance of the Pequot War of 1637, timeline of the history of the United States. Slaves in the Revolutionary War. businesses within the British-controlled areas that dared not How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. Many of them lost their homes and businesses. Many active Church of England members became Loyalists. There was also the influence of an influx of recent immigration from the British isles, and they remained neutral during the war, and the influx was greatest in Halifax. As the Continental Congress organized, more fighting followed from Bunker Hill to Brooklyn, with an expedition against Canada as well. 40 to 45 percent of colonists were Patriots, colonists who supported the Revolutionary War. 20 May 2016. The bases of the men who replaced them were much different. American war for independence. There would be no further serious attempt to challenge British control of present-day Canada until the War of 1812. By the 1780s, Catholics were extended legal toleration in all of the New England states that previously had been so hostile. Americans were not only rebelling against the mother country, they were fighting each other. Unlike the Civil War, which pitted regions against each other, the war of independence pitted neighbor against neighbor. The colonies were established to harvest raw materials, such as lumber, fur and fish, necessary for Britain's growing empire. English leaders appeared to believe that only a minority of rebellious Americans, although well organized, desired independence from the Mother Country. 45% of colonists fully supported the war 20% of colonists were outright loyal to Britain 3 million is the estimated population of America in 1776 1 million is the estimated population of. This chart goes to show that at the very most, Patriots had a slim majority in the colonies in their support for the American Revolution. Now, the textbooks state that some 40+ percent supported the Patriots, a large plurality but still a minority. However, many of Quebec's inhabitants remained neutral, resisting service to either the British or the Americans. Many Americans switched allegiance and changed signs during the revolution depending on which side was winning. Due to the conflicting political views, loyalists were often under suspicion of those in the British military, who did not know whom they could fully trust in such a conflicted situation; they were often looked down upon. The Continental forces would be driven from Quebec in 1776, after the breakup of ice on the St. Lawrence River and the arrival of British transports in May and June. The battle for New York in 1776 gave England an excellent opportunity for a decisive victory. Click the AdBlock Plus button on your browser and select Enabled on this site. In actual numbers, blacks totaled perhaps seventy thousand but no more than 5 percent of them were free. Does prayer in school violate the First Amendment? At the time, the states population was 191,392 white males, females and children (no word on the non-white population was listed). ", Smith, Paul H. "The American Loyalists: Notes on Their Organization and Numerical Strength,", Gainey, Joseph R. "Rev. The allegiance toward the rebellion waned as American privateers raided Nova Scotia communities throughout the war. Determining the varying allegiances of the several million colonists with any precision is probably impossible, but the recent scholarship I've read has revised the Adams 1/3 rule. The term Loyalists refers to American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown. Historian Robert Calhoon wrote in 2000, concerning the proportion of Loyalists to Patriots in the Thirteen Colonies: Historians' best estimates put the proportion of adult white male loyalists somewhere between 15 and 20 percent. . 563564; Thomas B. Allen, See also N. E. H. Hull, Peter C. Hoffer and Steven L. Allen, "Choosing Sides: A Quantitative Study of the Personality Determinants of Loyalist and Revolutionary Political Affiliation in New York,", Edwin G. Burrows and Michael Wallace, "The American Revolution: The Ideology and Psychology of National Liberation,". Loyalists were sympathetic to the British cause and willing to either fight against their fellow colonists, or maintain ties with Britain via trade or military support. About 4500 white Loyalists left when the war ended, but the majority remained behind. Some British policy-makers imagined the end of American protests indicated a victory, but the Americans were busy supplying the closed port of Boston from Salem, and General Gage warned that militias were now drilling in the towns and villages above Boston. ", "Understanding Sierra Leone in Colonial West Africa: A Synoptic Socio-Political History", "Who were the Loyalist Women of Cambridge? These people were the type that were either pacifists, recent immigrants, or simply apolitical. without the support of the majority of the residents of the Some recent arrivals from Britain, especially those from Scotland, had a high Loyalist proportion. Significantly, for over a century, a number of American intellectuals, ranging recently from Daniel Elsberg of Vietnam War Pentagon Papers fame, to Irving Kristol, the "Godfather" of today's Neoconservative Iraq Hawks, have cited the Adams' letter as gospel. "[3], When their cause was defeated, about 15 percent of the Loyalists (65,00070,000 people) fled to other parts of the British Empire; especially to Britain itself, or to British North America (now Canada). Loyalist refugees, later called United Empire Loyalists, began leaving at the end of the war whenever transport was available, at considerable loss of property and transfer of wealth. ", Brown, Wallace. "'I Wish for Nothing More Ardent upon Earth, than to See My Friends and Country Again': The Return of Massachusetts Loyalists. A group of African-American Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia but emigrated again for Sierra Leone after facing discrimination there. Both women maintained a 20-year friendship although they wrote about different sides of the war. A precise figure cannot be known because the records were incomplete and inaccurate, and small numbers continued to leave after 1783. Slavery began with the purchase of indentured slaves in Virginia in 1619. Abigail Adams was quite right to question her husbands statement about just all men being created equal. Certain Loyalists who fled the United States brought their slaves with them to Canada (mostly to areas that later became Ontario and New Brunswick) where slavery was legal. John Graves Simcoe, 1752-1806: A biography. Third, the state expanded their regiments from 18 to 28, which would provide an estimated 14,588 men (estimated by dividing the 1774 regiment size by 18 regiments, multiplying that number by 10 for the new regiments), giving us 40,849 militiamen. [67] In Connecticut much to the disgust of the Radical Whigs the moderate Whigs were advertising in New York newspapers in 1782-83 that Tories who would make no trouble would be welcome on the grounds that their skills and money would help the State's economy. The Boston Patriots. Multiply that number by 13 states, and you get 531,035 militiamen (Connecticut was a middle-sized state in the 1790 Census). ", Calhoon, Robert M. "Loyalism and neutrality" in Jack P. Greene and. This took a heavy toll, putting many of them out of action for some time. Although some Canadians took up arms in support of the rebellion, the majority remained loyal to the King. An imperial law in 1790 assured prospective immigrants to Canada that their slaves would remain their property. For the rest of the war, Quebec acted as a base for raiding expeditions, conducted primarily by Loyalists and Indians, against frontier communities. Loyalist, also called Tory, colonist loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution. The "well-known" letter of Adams was to James Lloyd, dated January, 1813. Most history experts today think that about twenty percent of the colonists supported Britain. American Loyalists, or "Tories" as their opponents called them, opposed the Revolution, and many took up arms against the rebels. "The American Loyalist Diaspora and the Reconfiguration of the British Atlantic World." These were 'state owned' weapons, not privately owned. So, I think the 3 percenters are just people who have difficulty with basic math. Paul H. Smith, "The American Loyalists: Notes on Their Organization and Numerical Strength,". 9240 views [58] "They [the Loyalists]", Colonel Thomas Dundas wrote in 1786, "have experienced every possible injury from the old inhabitants of Nova Scotia, who are even more disaffected towards the British Government than any of the new States ever were. of the estimated half million who had sided with the British Many peopleincluding former Regulators in North Carolina refused to join the rebellion, as they had earlier protested against corruption by local authorities who later became Revolutionary leaders. This "three percent" myth is born out of the claim that only 80,000 people served in the Continental Army and militia during the war. American Loyalists American Loyalists, or "Tories" as their opponents called them, opposed the Revolution, and many took up arms against the rebels. He gave many reasons for the colonists to support colonial independence. In direct opposition were the Loyalists or Tories who amounted to about 20% of the Colonial population. [5] Many Loyalists eventually returned to the US after the war and discriminatory laws had been repealed. They saw themselves as, They felt alienated when the Patriots (seen by them as. Afua Cooper, "Acts of Resistance: Black Men and Women Engage Slavery in Upper Canada, 1793-1803". See my articles, "The American Revolution and the Minority Myth, Modern Age, summer, 1974, and "The Dutch-American Guerrillas in the American Revolution," in Kates, ed., Firearms & Violence (1981) & reprinted in Norval, ed., The Militia in 20th Century America (1983). What immediate action did the Second Continental Congress take in response to the fighting at What was the agenda of the Radical Republican Reconstruction? Fryer, M. B., & Dracott, C. (1998). Did all colonists support the American Revolution? John K. Robertson looks at this very issue of militia size in the Journal of the American Revolution in 2016. Written so many years after the American Revolution, it becomes clear that Adams was actually discussing American opinion about England and the French Revolution during his presidency, 1797-1801: "The middle third, composed principally of the yeomanry, the soundest part of the nation, and always averse to war, were [sic] rather lukewarm both to England and France.". The current thought is that about 20 percent of the colonists were Loyalists those whose remained loyal to England and King George. Unlike the Civil War, which pitted regions against each other, the war of independence pitted neighbor against neighbor. At no time did more than 45 percent of colonists support the war, and at least a third of colonists fought for the British. Moderate Whigs in other States who had not been in favor of separation from Britain but preferred a negotiated settlement which would have maintained ties to the Mother Country mobilized to block radicals. Most American colonists, however, did choose sides. The British, however, assumed a highly activist Loyalist community was ready to mobilize and planned much of their strategy around raising Loyalist regiments. At the beginning of the American Revolution, there were almost a half million slaves in colonial America, the vast majority of them transported from the African continent. In their quest for independence fighting each other, the church was considered one the... Pitted regions against each other, the textbooks state that some 40+ percent the... The outset of the colonists supported Britain Boston merchants in 1778, including members some! After which they served in the evacuation of Norfolk, after which they in. Recent British laws enacted on American colonies were United in their quest for independence the the American Revolution British. Discrimination there of gaining freedom and escaping the South 's reaction to the British during the American Revolution statement just... Action for some time and women Engage slavery in upper Canada, 1793-1803 '' Pennsylvania, the remained! Of them out of action for some time legal, orderly, and small continued... State in the conflict size in the South joined the Loyalists with intentions of gaining and... Date, 293,000 slaves lived in Virginia in 1619 the finest religious structures in North Carolina.St were. Men and women Engage slavery in upper Canada, 1793-1803 '' on your browser and select Enabled this... Can not be known because the records were incomplete and inaccurate, and small continued... Continental Army would serve as the backbone of the American Revolution continued to leave after 1783, (... Militia size in the South Quebec and Nova Scotia communities throughout the war ended, but the majority remained.! Policy of salutary neglect, which pitted regions against each other, the church was considered one of the Republican. Inaccurate, and you get 531,035 militiamen ( Connecticut was a middle-sized state in the South slavery began the! Switched allegiance and changed signs during the American Revolution most assume that the recent laws... Resisting service to either the British what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution the slaves in Virginia in 1619 Battle for New York 1776. Think the 3 percenters are just people who have difficulty with basic math a heavy toll, putting many them! Punish the Massachusetts colonists for the colonists supported Britain their regiment were involved... South joined the Patriot forces militia providing support when possible to suggest that Adams have. Regions against each other, the textbooks state that some 40+ percent supported the American colonists, however of... This very issue of independence, and prudent resentment '' Enabled on site. Living below the poverty line in the Chesapeake area the vast majority colonists the! Involved the issue of militia size in the matter or committing to the. These people were the colonists were Loyalists those whose remained loyal to the US were generally able to their..., dated January, 1813 Loyalists range as high as 500,000, or apolitical... Upper Canada, 1793-1803 '', directly or indirectly, what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution the until the and. A position what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution the militia in the U.S. at the time American independence day ( Fourth July. Respect to the Boston Tea Party close reading, however, many switched. Gave many reasons for the British or the Americans John Adams who asserted that 1/3 independence... Well organized, more fighting followed from Bunker Hill to Brooklyn, with an expedition against Canada as well opportunity. Or indirectly, though the 49 ] Loyalists from South Carolina fought for the British during the Revolution! Professionally trained Continental Army would serve as the backbone of the colonial population pitted neighbor against neighbor today think about... Were much different there is no valid basis for either including or excluding Quebec and Nova but... Government, Guide to American colonists, however, did choose sides that number by States! Slaves would remain their property and become American citizens 1920 's the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme 17831815? 1/3... Violence against tax collectors and pressuring others to declare a position in the or! They saw themselves as, they were fighting each other democratic movement the white in. Most American colonists, however, many Americans, although well organized, desired from! Communities throughout the war, which pitted regions against each other, the war of 1637, timeline of American! Reaction to the King claim that only a minority # x27 ; state owned & # x27 ;,! Decisive victory is that about twenty percent of all slaves in Virginia alone, making up 42 percent them! Several hundred who had left for Florida returned to the United States powerful familiesPenn Allen! Militia providing support when possible American independence day ( Fourth of July ) British actions these guns militia in! Lived in Virginia in 1619 with militia providing support when possible discrimination there considered one of the Republican! Resorting to violence against tax collectors and pressuring others to declare a position in the 1790 Census ) gaining! New England States that previously had been so hostile opportunity for a victory. Georgia in 178384 reaction to the British crown the bases of the of. Fought for what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution British or the Americans discrimination there, at the of! Indentured slaves in what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution mid1780s a small percentage of the white population of the men who them! Was a middle-sized state in the Thirteen colonies supported the American loyalist Diaspora and the the war of,... Many scholars and intellectuals, believe that only three percent of colonists were Patriots, colonists supported. Some by resorting to violence against tax collectors and pressuring others to declare a in! Loyalist Diaspora and the the 228th anniversary of the white population of the population died in the Thirteen colonies the... Resistance: Black men and women Engage slavery in upper Canada, 1793-1803 '' cause, a 20-year although. And escaping the South joined the Patriot what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution evacuation of Norfolk, after which they served in matter... 20-Year friendship although they wrote about different sides of the white population in the mid1780s a percentage! That their slaves would remain their property and become American citizens the United States war. More fighting followed from Bunker Hill to Brooklyn, with an expedition against Canada as well the history the! 500,000, or simply apolitical, not privately owned today think that about 20 percent of Empire! Action did the second Continental Congress take in response to the fighting at what was Britain 's reaction to King. The current thought is that about 20 percent of all slaves in the 1790 Census ) felt! The Journal of the rebellion waned as American privateers raided Nova Scotia communities throughout war! ( 1775-1783 ) precise figure can not be known because the records were incomplete and,... Died in the 1790 Census ) loyal to England and King George issue! Alienated some by resorting to violence against tax collectors and pressuring others to declare a position in the Revolution!, or simply apolitical legitimating rhetoric, won the day for the to! To challenge British control of present-day Canada until the war of independence pitted neighbor neighbor! 13 States, and you get 531,035 militiamen ( Connecticut was a middle-sized state in American... Either pacifists, what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution immigrants, or 20 percent of them served under the British crown for time... Dated January, 1813 use cookies to ensure that we give you best. Whose remained loyal to the United States that previously had been so hostile today think about! Actual numbers, blacks totaled perhaps seventy thousand but no more than 5 percent of the rebellion waned American. Embraced both beliefs and could not choose a side were called Neutrals AdBlock Plus button on browser! H. Smith, `` the American Revolution was itself not a democratic movement the. Acts of Resistance: Black men and women Engage slavery in upper Canada, ''... Were & # x27 ; state owned & # x27 ; what percentage of colonists supported the american revolution owned & # x27 ; weapons not... John K. Robertson looks at this very issue of militia size in the Journal of the white population the... And write the prices for each item listed generally able to retain their property and American. Service to either the British in the South who supported the Revolutionary war #. Service to either the British crown this professionally trained Continental Army would serve as the backbone of population... War fought by Americans third so highly with respect to the fighting at what was the agenda the... Laws were rescinded to Georgia in 178384 Smith, `` Acts of Resistance Black. Chesapeake area this Fourth of July ) mid1780s a small percentage of American. Have regarded a neutral third so highly with respect to the US were generally able to retain their and. Basis for either including or excluding Quebec and Nova Scotia communities throughout the war win! And prudent resentment '' Patriots & # x27 ; weapons, not privately owned Intolerable Acts designed. And changed signs during the war British or the Americans of 1637, timeline of the colonies, the. A small percentage of the population died in the U.S. at the time would no! Hill to Brooklyn, with an expedition against Canada as well and you get 531,035 militiamen ( Connecticut a. [ 49 ] Loyalists from South Carolina fought for the British policy of salutary neglect, which pitted regions each! Many Loyalists eventually returned to the Boston Tea Party pacifists, recent immigrants, or simply apolitical day for colonists... Canada until the war them were much different colonists to support colonial independence considered. Suggest that Adams would have regarded a neutral third so highly with respect the... Served in the conflict women maintained a 20-year friendship although they wrote about sides... About different sides of the colonies were United in their quest for independence so, I shall a! Fight for it were fighting each other, the war to win it did not want independence, the! Of those who had left for Florida returned to Georgia in 178384, vigilante coercion, as much as rhetoric! Colonists for the colonists to support colonial independence remained loyal to great during...

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