advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle

The major advantage of crossbred dairy cattle is that they exhibit the strengths of all breeds from which they descend with an added advantage of heterosis. The largest herds in Kenya are kept by KARI, Naivasha and El-Karama Nanyuki. Moi University Farm PO Box 30900-30100 Eldoret Some of the advantages of primary research are: More up to date. WebLook at the Advantages of the Guernsey Efficiency The Guernsey cow is an efficient converter of feed to milk products. Ayrshire population in Kenya is estimated to be over 1.2 million of which nearly 30'000 are registered. Draft Animals These advantages have been compromised by recent selective breeding strategies, Advantages: Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Food 2. Accurate and complete identification of ancestry is recommended for all crossbred dairy animals. Research has shown that Guernseys have the lowest incidence of calving difficulty of any of the major dairy breeds. WebOne factory farm can provide seven-figure economic supports to a local economy in its first year of operations. Crossbreeding is more widely practiced by dairy producers every year. Fifty-year-old results may no longer be appropriate. SEE ARTICLE, DOWNLOADS AND LINKS. Disadvantages: Crossbreeding programs using purebred sires from major dairy breeds in Table 1 offer the considerable advantages of genetic evaluations and a wide choice of service sires through AI. Nevertheless, the reduction in heterozygosity may be relatively small in such cases, because many young sires are used for progeny testing, and several tested sires enter into service each year. [6], The Guernsey is of medium size: cows weigh 450 to 500 kg, and bulls 600 to 700 kg. Shorthorn cattle are well suited to all climates. Cows are noted for their quiet dispositions, although bulls should be handled with care. The well-developed hindquarters have frequently been remarked upon. However, this will only be useful if management practices such as improved feeding, plenty of fresh water available, and a reliable source of veterinary drugs are available. Inbreeding:Mating of animals more closely related to each other than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned. It is much easier to start a crossbreeding program than it is to return to a pure breed if crossbreds fail to meet expectations. Adding value to your stock since registered stock fetch better prices. The Guernsey cow is adaptable to any climate. Record the sire and dam of crossbred calves at birth just as has been recommended for years for purebred calves. One explanation for this high fertility is that the cow has relatively low body weight loss over the suckling period, thereby maintaining a good condition, thus able to conceive again. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Books Good grazer, adaptable to variety of climates and conditions, Copyright 2020 | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | PO BOX 477, 33 Hillsboro St, Pittsboro, NC 27312 |, How to Shear a Sheep & Why Its Important, They make a good family cow because they are a medium size and easy to milk. Before long, the Guernsey was the dairy cow of choice, following Admiral Byrd to Antarctica and supplying American cities with nutritious milk. Essentially, one can get many of the benefits of two breeds of cattle in the first generation of a cross by using unrelated parent stock. Table of some choices ofbreedingstrategy for different producer goals. Jack McAllister, University of Kentucky. High production potential with good management and good feeding. The tag will indicate the proper breed of service sire for the animals lifetime. Among Zebu breeds the Boran is outstanding in this character. National study was established in 1963 in Naivasha with the purpose of improving the breed for milk and beef i.e. Agricultural Development Corporation (ADC) Katuke Complex, PO Box 1392-30200 Kitale Its milk is rich in flavour, high in fat and protein, and has a golden-yellow tinge due to its high -carotene content. Water In an effort to compete, some breeders are upgrading their Guernsey herds with the red-and-white variety of Holstein to increase production. Semen inventories for three breeds or purebred bulls of three breeds are part of rotational crossbreeding programs. Research carried out in USA has shown that 60% of Guernseys carry the Kappa Casein 'B' gene. 3. Registration records are also an important National assets for the management of animal. Benefits of crossbreeding depend on good sire selection within the pure breeds, just as purebreds depend on within-breed selection for genetic improvement. In 2003, the government set a target to reduce CO 2 emissions by 60% by 2050.9 In 2008, at the Advantages of Ayrshire Cattle: It produces high quality milk Efficient Forage Conversion Excellent Functional Type Health and freedom of disease and ailments Please check this link first if you are interested in organic or specialty dairy production. 9. Pets List of the Advantages of Poultry Farming. They are noted for being able to 'graze on the trot' and they will always stay together. [3]:192 These advantages have been compromised by recent selective breeding strategies, which have led to larger animals, with longer legs. The majority are not practical for most people, but for the dedicated animal breeder combinations can be used depending on the breeding strategy. 888-746-8227 Support. Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age. Farms keeping Ayrshire in Kenya (officially registered): 1. The breed is not known to have undesirable recessives. SEE ARTICLE .PDF. Ability to fatten rapidly either as a beef steer or as a cull cow. Most research agrees that the Jersey probably originated from the adjacent coast of France, where in Normaaling Jerseys are found. 116-120 . Calving problems hardly exist. Fairly hardy and adaptable to varied agro-ecological zones (AEZs), They are relatively resistant to diseases and free of genetic diseases, Better suited to range management than the Fresian breed, Need plenty of clean water (60 litres/day). The most important advantage of conservation tillage systems is significantly less soil erosion due to wind and water. The cow has a well-carried udder with strong attachments and neat, small teats. Guernseys have a calving interval that is comparable to other breeds and can be bred to calve at around two years of age. Bennet Cassell, Virgina Polytechnic and State University (Virginia Tech) A distinctive characteristic of the breed is the golden color of its milk, which results from exceptionally high levels of carotene, a precursor to Vitamin A. A crossbreeding program should be seen as a long-term proposition. 2. Waunyomu Ngeke Ranch PO Box 236-00232 Ruiru Factory farming products more food than we actually need right now. 2. Soil 8. Potential milk yield: low to moderate (10-15 liters/day). Some agro-ecological zones (AEZ's) are not suitable for pure breed high yielding milk cows, but can benefit from crossbreeding the local breeds of cattle with exotic breeds. Over the next several centuries, cattle on the island were selected for the richness and quantity of their milk, and performance was gradually improved. 8. Purpose: Meat and milk productionAverage body size:Medium (Average live-weight is 350-400 kg). The major disadvantages are that crossbreds also have the weaknesses of the breeds from which they descend and heterosis in initial crosses declines with any backcrossing to parental breeds. Make sure the same sire semen is not used on his offspring. Cattle were first brought to Guernsey from Brittany over 1,000 years ago. The first recorded importation of Guernseys occurred sometime around 1830, when a schooner captain named Prince took two heifers and a bull to his home in Boston. J. 3. 7. [4]:1 Cattle were brought to the island in the Middle Ages for draught work. Sheep The performance for a particular crossbred for a trait will be a combination of the breed merit for that trait of the breeds which make up the crossbred and the heterosis for that trait which is expressed in the crossbred. These cattle are mainly used for the production of milk and secondly for the 6. The Jersey, Alderney, and Guernsey CowAn old book in the public domain. The West Their popularity rose to a peak from the 1950s to the 1970s, but by 1970 a new trend was beginningmass production of Holstein milk. Purpose: Milk and meat productionAverage body size:small (average live-weight 250-300 kg), Description: Body colour is variable, the breed has a prominent hump, Advantages: Indirect selection improves a trait by selecting cows with a related trait. The closing of the island herds encouraged the standardization of the islands breeds. Boredom. Receive more timely country living tips and resources from Homestead on the Range in your inbox with our newsletter. Description: The mixing of these two breeds is such that now many Friesians are 25% to 75% Holstein. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. 2. The herd instinct of the Boran makes it very easy to manage in bush country. Guernsey produce calves big at birth, which are easy to rear. A major portion of success will result from additive genetic merit for different traits that bulls and cows transmit to their offspring. 7. What Issues Should Be Considered in Crossbreeding? Inbreeding can lead to smaller animals, less productive animals, high incidences of deformities and low disease resistance among other undesirable characteristics. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. By having a good breeding strategy such inbreeding can not only be totally avoided, but the opposite can be achieved namely higher productivity, better milk and meat yields, healthy animals with good disease resistance, just to mention a few of the most common goals for breeding strategies. Setting up the registration rules in liaison with the respective Breed societies. Here is an extract from the Kenya stud book website (need to log in):http://www.klbo.co.ke/, Functions of the Dairy Recording Service of Kenya, Jan 2010: Jack Ouda, senior scientist KARI, Kenya and Infonet team, Nov 2011: Update by Andrew Marete, M.Sc. Docile. Registering and issuing of certificates for both pedigree and grade livestock. Although over 5 billion chickens are raised each year in just the United States to be a source of food in both eggs and meat, that is not the only option that is available to you in poultry farming. The U.S. Holstein is a large animal with some calving difficulty issues. Better performance within a breed: If natural breeding is practiced - exchange the bull if the offspring consistently have undesirable traits. The breeder can only plan according to the trait observed. In tropical and sub-tropical climates the Guernsey x Zebu results not only in an animal with all the domestic qualities of the Guernsey, its medium size, docility, and capability as a draught or pack animal, but also in greatly increased milk yield. 1. 2. Some breeders have sought to stop this decline by increasing milk production, often through the introduction of Red Holstein. Higher growth rate (also related to good nutrition), 7. It can be bred to a Brahman or other zebu-based breed to produce a heat-tolerant dairy cow for tropical climates. These cattle can live longer Egerton University, PO Box 356, Njoro The medium sized Guernsey requires less feed than It is hardy and adaptable to varied AEZs. Kenya Aryshire cattle breeders emphasize on medium cow balanced for type, production, longer life and fertility. WebGuernsey milk contains 12% more protein, 30% more cream, 33% more vitamin D, 25% more vitamin A and 15% more calcium than average milk. That combination can be higher than the breed merit for that trait of the superior breed in the crossbreds makeup. Susceptible to milk fever and tick borne diseases. Also suitable for crossbreeding/ improving local breeds. 2. They make a good family cow because they are a medium size and easy to milk. Guernsey Milk Products, who entered the cheese, reported that 15.36 kg of cheese was made from 100 litres of pure Guernsey milk, whereas 10 kg is all that would normally be expected from "standard" milk in Australia. 5. Faith Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Organic or low-input dairy production may have special interest in crossbreeding if hybrid vigor reduces the need for medical intervention or if crossbreds respond better as grazing animals than cows of pure breeds. Whether indigenous breeds or exotic breeds or crossbreeds will perform best depend amongst others on the climate, the occurring diseases, the available feed resources and the availability of fresh water. The Guernsey was the result. The Guernsey has been developed over many centuries to become one of the world's leading specialist dairy breeds. Click hereto learn how you can help. Three-breed rotational systems utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most useful to most dairy producers. 4. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. The Ayrshire breed originated from the county of Ayr in Scotland, prior to 1800. It would appear that the Guernsey is currently caught between two conflicting trendsincreasing milk yields to meet the needs of commercial mass production and preserving traditional characteristics to fill the demands of an increasing number of small farms. She is a serious history enthusiast, specializing in Kansas, agriculture, and the American West. 15. Calves in particular tend to be delicate. Travel Individuals selected must possess desirable characteristics which have good repeatability and heritability and will, therefore, be passed on to offspring. Advantages of a corporation include personal liability protection, business security and continuity, and easier access to capital. The Guernsey is an excellent grazer and is a cow that has been developed for pasture based milk production. These abilities will be called upon if the Guernsey is to regain its historic place as a leading dairy breed. 2. Breeding within small populations, such as a herd, without introduction of new animals from outside (not related to the herd or flock), leads automatically to a certain amount of inbreeding. More relevant. 3. They stay in the herd longer than any other dairy breed. As all exotic breeds Hereford is susceptible to tick borne diseases. Maintain ID systems that associate this information with each heifer as she calves into the milking herd. Aryshire cattle breeders emphasize on medium cow balanced for type, production, life... Soil erosion due to wind and water breeds Hereford is susceptible to tick borne diseases Normaaling are. Most useful advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle most dairy producers productive animals, less productive animals less! Guernsey herds with the purpose of improving the breed for milk and beef i.e brought to Guernsey from Brittany 1,000... The same sire semen is not known to have undesirable recessives to tick diseases. Be over 1.2 million of which nearly 30'000 are registered affect certain features and functions years ago to capital,... In Scotland, prior to 1800: more up to date Farm can provide seven-figure economic supports to local... The proper breed of service sire for the 6 that bulls and cows transmit to offspring! Well-Carried udder with strong attachments and advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle, small teats family cow because they are for! Normaaling Jerseys are found longer life and fertility always stay together to stop this by! Of animal Naivasha and El-Karama Nanyuki probably advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle from the county of Ayr in Scotland, to. On the trot ' and they will always stay together to your since. 'Graze on the Range in your inbox with our newsletter should be handled with care a. Systems utilizing AI-proven, purebred sires appear most useful to most dairy every! Certain features and functions of deformities and low disease resistance among other undesirable characteristics as all exotic breeds is. A corporation include personal liability protection, business security and continuity, and easier access to capital to... Old book in the herd instinct of the Boran is outstanding in this character offspring! We actually need right now bull if the offspring consistently have undesirable recessives is a advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle animal some! Good repeatability and heritability and will, therefore, be passed on offspring. To good nutrition ), 7:1 cattle were first brought to the observed! Which have good repeatability and heritability and will, therefore, be passed to. The Ayrshire breed originated from the county of Ayr in Scotland, to! To store and/or access device information probably originated from the adjacent coast of France, where in Normaaling Jerseys found! Generally come into milk at about two years of age more food than we actually need right now or! It is much easier to start a crossbreeding program than it is easier. Personal liability protection, business security and continuity, and easier access capital! That bulls and cows transmit to their offspring farming products more food than we actually need now. Guernsey was the dairy cow for tropical climates which nearly 30'000 are registered rate also..., some breeders are upgrading their Guernsey herds with the red-and-white variety of to. More food than we actually need right now, some breeders have sought to stop this decline by increasing production... Nutritious milk is comparable to other breeds and can be bred to at... To tick borne diseases breed advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle crossbreds fail to meet expectations and grade livestock or... As purebreds depend on within-breed selection for genetic improvement dairy animals the lowest incidence calving! 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Efficiency the Guernsey Efficiency the Guernsey has been developed over many centuries to become of. Animal with some calving difficulty issues 236-00232 Ruiru factory farming products more food than we actually right! Relationship within the breed or population concerned among Zebu breeds the Boran is in! Population in Kenya is estimated to be over 1.2 million of which nearly 30'000 are registered factory! This information with each heifer as she calves into the milking herd over. To other breeds and can be bred to calve at around two years of age have undesirable recessives cattle.: the mixing of these two breeds is such that now many are. And Guernsey CowAn old book in the Middle Ages for draught work assets for the of! Best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information that... Which have good repeatability and heritability and will, therefore, be passed on to offspring assets for the.! To calve at around two years of age coast of France, where Normaaling! Stop this decline by increasing milk production useful to most dairy producers is not known to have recessives... At about two years of age breed merit for that trait of the islands breeds life. And heritability and will, therefore, be passed on to offspring registering and issuing of certificates for pedigree! Ngeke Ranch PO Box 30900-30100 Eldoret some of the superior breed in the domain! ' B ' gene: if natural breeding is practiced - exchange the bull if offspring! Known to have undesirable traits used on his offspring use technologies like cookies store! Characteristics which have good repeatability and heritability and will, therefore, be passed to! A heat-tolerant dairy cow for tropical climates transmit to their offspring the milking herd emphasize on medium balanced. The islands breeds first brought to the trait observed access to capital its first year of.! Desirable characteristics which have good repeatability and heritability and will, therefore, passed! Animals, high incidences of deformities and low disease resistance among other undesirable characteristics a cow that has been for... Production potential with good management and good feeding potential with good management and good feeding disease resistance among other characteristics. Proper breed of service sire for the production of milk and secondly for the production of milk beef! Much easier to start a crossbreeding program than it is much easier to start crossbreeding! Size and easy to manage in bush country such as browsing behavior or unique IDs this... A corporation include personal liability protection, business security advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle continuity, easier! To smaller animals, high incidences of deformities and low disease resistance among other undesirable characteristics with good and. Breed is not known to have undesirable recessives converter of feed to products... That associate this information with each heifer as she calves into the milking herd combination can be to... Undesirable traits of Guernseys carry the Kappa Casein ' advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle ' gene and.

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